Asbestos: the miracle material [editing]
The outstanding properties presented by asbestos (insulation, mechanical, chemical and heat resistance and flame) and its relative low cost, may explain its numerous industrial applications, as well as the fact that figure, or has figured for many years in the composition of many products and industrial finishes. In addition, there are [...]
Nearly 7.9% of patients with Down syndrome have an abnormality of the hip (ED Shaw and RK Beals., 1992), which
dysplasia
dislocation
avascular necrosis, or
epiphysiolysis
The dislocation of the hip patient with Down syndrome is
rarely painful at first, but
may become over time.
Treatment is difficult, because the dislocation recurs but not exceptional.
The non-surgical brace contention is rarely effective, while the [...]
Pascal Duquenne , actor, winner ( a tie with Daniel Auteuil ) the best actor award at Cannes 1996for his performance in the movie The Eighth Day of Jaco Van Dormael.
Chris Burke , American actor known for having played for four seasons, the role of Corky in the TV series Corky, a boy like no [...]
People with the syndrome have a life somewhat more difficult than the average course they are victims of their physical and mental retardation, but more often anxious or hostile gaze of some concern that their anomaly is not yet contagious and the more familiar and less desperate for many families congenital.
The Down syndrome need to [...]
Several studies conducted in the United States or the United Kingdom have shown that 90 to 93% of pregnancies that resulted in the diagnosis of Down syndrome were terminated 9. These figures may give rise to charges of eugenics 10. Some associations of Disability Advocates argue that such abortions send a very demeaning to those [...]
The diagnosis can be done by highlighting the chromosome 21again by the karyotype . In the first quarter by a levy of trophoblast that is made from 11 weeks to 14 weeks. In addition, the risk of iatrogenic abortion increases significantly. Before it is 1% as for amniocentesis. After it takes a puncture amniotic fluid [...]
The signs of Down syndrome during first quarter
Ultrasound [edit]
This technical assessment of trisomy 21 (and other aneuploidies ) owes much to Professor K. Nicolaides of the Fetal Medicine Foundation in London.
The marker used is ultrasound nuchal translucency . The measurement technique must meet strict criteria.
There is another sonographic marker but as more delicate: the nasal [...]
Having signed relevant: this table based on article published in the British Medical Journal summarizes the available signs in screening for Down syndrome. The markers in italics are currently being evaluated8.
Different markers for the detection of trisomy 21
Markers Risk factor
Maternal
Maternal age Increases with age (age is used in the algorithm of calculating integrated)
Serum markers
Total HCG Increases in Second [...]
In practice, the calculation of risk of trisomy 21 [edit]
The risk calculation is based on the risk a priori , which is a function of gestational age and maternal age. Indeed, the risk of trisomy 21 decreases during pregnancy because approximately 30% of fetuses with trisomy 21 die in utero.
Evolution of total number of pregnancies [...]
Trisomy 21 is the most common cause of mental retardation , accounting for 25% of mental retardation among children of school age 7. These are among the chromosomal abnormalities seen during pregnancy, those whose incidence is higher: around 1 / 770 births or 1.3 per 1000 births. Currently, with the use of modern screening the [...]